there are five pars.t each part consists of 2 questions and I should choice one question and write about it (one page). so, from each part one question. the total would be 5 pages. I am attaching 13 lecture notes and 1 New York Times article and the name of my textbook.
“Developmental Psychology, Psychology 140
Rules for writing this essay questions:
1. Include a header at the top of each page stating “Psych 140, , your name, your GSI’s name and section time.
2. You are free to consult any of your notes and readings. No question should require consultation of materials other than those provided in the class. (I am sending lecture notes and the name of the textbook) and a New York Times article needed for writing one of the question)
5. Every essay question should be written on separate pieces of paper. , identify each question you answer and start new pages for each question. Make sure your name is on every page.. Double space your answers and use Times New Roman size 12 font, if you computer has that font. Don’t mess with the margins. Top bottom 1” Left Right ??” 1.25”
6. Keep your answers as succinct as possible, usually no more than two paragraph for an answer. Each answer should fit on one page MAX. Many of the questions have more than one right answer, but you should justify your answer when requested. Also, some answers are simply better than others, so be thoughtful about which answers you give. Assume that you should provide three examples unless asked otherwise. Writing lots and lots of information is not helpful- get to the point and move on.
7. Grammar and spelling count! You will lose 100 points for incorrectly spelling “definitely” or “separately” (well, maybe not 100 points, but you’ll lose something!). If you are not a native speaker of English (and even if you are!), please have a native speaker read your answers for clarity.
Answer one of the following (20 points):
1. Choose one of the major theoretical approaches to epistemology that we’ve discussed in this course (nativism and/or competent infant, empiricism, constructivism (Piaget)) and discuss how holding to a particular theory/theories might lead parents to make particular choices with regard to (a) education, (b) toys, (c) physical activity, (d) general exposure to others, etc. Discuss whether or not you believe that holding another view would lead parents to raise their infant “differently.” Why or why not? Finally, why is it important to continue to wrestle with these issues of how children gain (or don’t gain) knowledge.
2. At a conference on infancy studies, a food fight erupts between rival gangs of theorists. After the groups are separated, you are asked to moderate between The Hardcore Piagetian Constructivists and The Competent Ones. Wishing to maintain an atmosphere of good will and intellectual freedom, you try to point out how these seemingly opposite points of view may in fact live in harmony, rather than in harm’s way.
What are your major talking points? (Hint: you should list at least three)
What might each group say in response to these points?
Answer one of the following (20 points):
3. You are an experimenter who is very interested in the relationship between sleep and bonding in babies. You interview a whole bunch of mothers of 5 year olds about the sleep habits of their child when s/he was a baby. You also count the number of hugs the mother gives the child during the interview session. You find that mothers who typically drove their babies in the car to get them to sleep gave their child the most hugs during the interview session. The correlation is statistically significant at the .10 level. You publish a paper reporting that in order to increase the likelihood of having a secure bond with your child, you must drive your baby in the car when she needs to sleep.
A. Identify at least three reasons that this researcher may have found what she did.
B. Identify at least three research techniques or measures that the researcher should use in order to better demonstrate the findings.
4. Read the two excerpts from the New York Times about the use of forward-facing strollers. From what you know about infant development, what do you think are the consequences of using a forward-facing stroller rather than one where the baby faces the parent? Design a study that could investigate (some of) these consequences. You should be sure to mention research design, age of subjects, describe experimental group, control group, outcome measures, etc.
Answer one of the following (20 points):
5. You are a pediatrician who has a pregnant 16- year-old as a patient. What are some of the major concerns/risk factors you have for her pregnancy and for the developing fetus? What are three critically important pieces of information that
you will want to be sure she leaves your office with a thorough understanding? Why are these three the most critical?
6. Compare and contrast a full-term infant with a premature infant with respect to physical, cognitive, social and behavioral abilities. What are some of the risk factors associated with prematurity and what can be done to minimize those risks?
Answer one of the following (20 points):
7. Your friend wants to adopt a child who was born addicted to cocaine and who has lived in a foster care home with 6 other infants for the past 6 months. From what you have learned about child development, discuss some of the physical, social, and cognitive issues that might present with this child. What should your friend do to minimize the long-term consequences of these issues?
8. Here is a vignette:
It’s Easter and baby Owen and his big sister Emma are getting ready to go Easter-egg hunting. Emma is dressed up as a princess and is showing Owen her glittery wand. Owen watches back and forth as she waves it slowly in front of him, but when she drops it on the ground and goes to find her shoes, he doesn’t look to where it fell. Mom puts Owen’s bunny hat on him and the floppy ears brush up against his cheek. He begins stroking the ears. Eventually he begins sucking on them. As Owen is loaded up in the stroller, his Mom also ties a festive toy chick to the top of the stroller. Owen accidentally hits his arm against the side of the stroller and chick swings back and forth and makes “cheeping” noises. Owen likes seeing the chick move, so he continues hitting his hand against the stroller and the chick swings back and forth to his delight. Then, the toy chick falls out of the infant’s sight but Owen continues to hit his hand against the stroller. Next, Mom sets Owen’s toy lamb in the stroller with him and he looks at it attentively. She also gives him a blanket, since it is cold outside and as she sets it in the stroller, the blanket partially covers up the toy lamb. Owen continues looking at the lamb and starts to reach for it, but then Mom adjusts the blanket and covers up the lamb, so that Owen cannot see it at all anymore. Owen immediately stops searching. Then, Emma drops her princess wand into Owen’s stroller, just out of his reach. He sees it lying on the blanket near his feet and tugs on the blanket until it’s just within reach. Then, he grabs the wand and starts banging it against the side of the stroller until Emma steals it away from him. Finally, everyone is ready to go easter egg hunting and they head outside to collect some candy.
A. Identify 4 Piagetian phenomena in the above scenario, using Piaget’s terminology.
B. What stage would you say Owen is in for each of the phenomena you identify? Why?
C. Is Owen showing decalage (different stages for different skills) in any of these observations? Yes or no? If yes, explain what the observation is demonstrating decalage, and why it is a decalage.
Answer one of the following (20 points):
9. Imagine that you are a child psychologist and one of your cases is a couple concerned that their 18 months old infant keeps staring at the parent’s finger when an object is pointed out to her and fails to discover what the finger is referring to. The parents are also concerned that their infant is not yet using words. Based on what you have learned about intersubjectivity: (a) how would you explain to the parents the possible developmentalrelationship between their two concerns? (b) What information would you ask parents for and why would that specific information help you understand this case? (c) the parents have brought you home videos of their child from when she was a baby what type of information would you look for in the home videos and why would it be relevant to understanding this case?
10. Some researchers are interested in parenting and plan to interview parents. However some theorists hold the view that parent’s roles may not be as important as expected. List some views and who may be the opponents? Based on the findings from Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS), what are some of the variables you think may be interesting to investigate? What are the variables that you would suggest the researchers control for in order to get a clearer picture? Since it is likely to be a correlational study, what are some disadvantages of this design and how would you eliminate these shortcomings?
There are faxes for this order.